OCD

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can involve intrusive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts intended to reduce distress (compulsions). It can have a substantial impact on daily life. Specialist assessment can help identify suitable support.

Signs and symptoms

• Intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant distress
• Repetitive compulsive behaviours (checking, washing, arranging, counting)
• Mental compulsions (praying, counting, repeating phrases mentally)
• Temporary relief from compulsions, followed by return of obsessions
• Significant time spent on obsessions and compulsions (often 1+ hours daily)
• Avoidance of triggers that provoke obsessions
• OCD ego-dystonic nature, thoughts feel alien and against your values

How therapy can help

For OCD, the approach to therapy matters. Exposure and response prevention (ERP), a specialised form of CBT, is recommended in UK guidance for some people. It involves carefully planned work with feared triggers and compulsive responses. A qualified clinician can assess whether it is appropriate and agree a plan with you.

Related conditions

• Depression
• Anxiety & Stress
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
• Panic Disorder
• Social Anxiety
• Health Anxiety
• Phobias
• PTSD & Trauma
• Grief & Bereavement
• Postnatal Depression

Content information and sources

General information, not medical advice. Editorially checked against UK clinical guidance and NHS information. Reviewed 2 September 2026.

• NHS: OCD
• NICE: OCD and body dysmorphic disorder (CG31)