Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)

EMDR is a structured therapy that helps people process distressing memories and experiences that still feel present or threatening. With careful preparation and guidance, the person briefly attends to aspects of a memory while using bilateral stimulation, such as guided eye movements or alternating taps. The aim is to support the brain's natural processing so the memory becomes less disruptive.

What sessions may involve

Preparation and stabilisation, identifying a target memory, bilateral stimulation and careful review of reactions between sessions.

What it may suit

May be considered for trauma-related symptoms with a trained clinician after an individual assessment.

Delivery and fit

Remote EMDR requires robust privacy, grounding plans and a clinician experienced in online delivery. It is not appropriate to start trauma processing without preparation.

Evidence and uncertainty

EMDR is recommended by NICE for some adults with PTSD. It is not a universal treatment for every distressing experience.

Further reading

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